Islamic Philosophy - Metaphysics, Epistemology & Axiology

Basics of Islamic Religion & Philosophy

•There is One God (ALLAH) who is the creator of all universe.

•Main source book of Islamic Philosophy is – Qur’an

•Mohammad is the Final Messenger of Islam who finalize the Islamic Philosophy.

•Islamic philosophy doesn't believe in idol or statue worship. 

•Five Base of Islam mention bellow-

–To believe in Allah, Prophet Mohammad and Quran. (Iman)

–To read the namaaz five times.  (Namaz)

–To fast in the month of Ramzaan. (Roza)

–To grant money from one’s earnings.  (Zakat)

–To go for Haj atleast once in a lifetime. (Haj)

Metaphysics of Islam

•This universe has been created by Allah-

•Physical Universe is destroyable yet real, spiritual universe is everlasting-

•Allah is shapeless, and the souls are created by him-.

•Human is the supreme creation by Allah-

•The human development depends on the power of his soul, his deeds and Allah’s mercy

•A human’s ultimate objective is to prepare himself for the everlasting life and unify his soul with Allah-

•Islam doesn’t believe in rebirth.

Epistemology of Islam

•At present, people following Islam consider Qur’an as the prime source of any type of knowledge.

•Hazrat Mohammad divided knowledge in two forms-

–i. Physical- He has put physical products and social life under physical knowledge

–ii. Spiritual - knowledge of Islam religion under spiritual knowledge.

•In Quran, there are three ways mentioned to attain physical knowledge

–i. Ilmul Yakeen (believe by estimating)

–ii. Enul Yakeen (believe by seeing)

–iii. Hakkul Yakeen (believe by touching)

–

•This clearly means senses are considered as a medium to attain physical knowledge.

•Where attaining spiritual knowledge is concerned, Islam considers information given by the prophets.

Axiology of Islam

•According to Qur’an & Islamic Law (Shariyah) Desirable Acts Undesirable Acts divided into Two Parts-

–Halal – Lawful

–Haram – Unlawful

•Fard – Obligatory: An act commanded by Allah in the Holy Qur'an is known as Fard. 

•Sunnat :

–Sunnat-e-Mu’akkadah:
an act done or liked by the Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) in relation to worship.

–Sunnat-e-Ghayr Mu’akkadah:
The Messenger of Allah had performed such an act, but also omitted it without any reason.