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| History of Psychology |
1800-1900
1844 Soren Kierkegaard published The
Concept of Anxiety, the first exposition on anxiety.
1859 Biological Psychology introduced by C.
Darwin
1879 Wilhelm Wundt founded the first
formal laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig.
1883 The first laboratory of psychology in
America is established at Johns Hopkins University.
1885 Herman Ebbinghaus introduced the
memory processes.And he published “On Memory”.
1886 Sigmund Freud began performing
therapy in Vienna, marking the beginning of personality theory.
1886 John Dewey published the first
American textbook on psychology, titled Psychology.
1890 The term “Mental Tests” was coined by
James Cattell.
1890 Structuralism introduced by Wilhelm
Wundt.
1890 William James published ‘Principles of
Psychology,’ that later became the foundation for functionalism.
1892 Foundation of the American
Psychological Association (APA) headed by G. Stanley Hall.
1895 Alfred Binet founded the first
laboratory of psychodiagnosis.
1896 The first psychological clinic was
developed at the University of Pennsylvania (birth of clinical psychology)
1898 Functionalism introduced by William
James
1898 Edward Thorndike (Father of
Educational Psychology) developed the ‘Law of Effect,’
1900-1950
1900 Educational Psychology was Introduced
1900 Sigmund Freud published
‘Interpretation of Dreams’ marking the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought.
1904 Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize
1904 Charles Spearman published the
article General Intelligence in the American Journal of Psychology,
1905 Alfred Binet’s Intelligence Test was
published in France.
1906 The Journal of Abnormal Psychology
was founded by Morton Prince.
1906 Ivan Pavlov published the first
studies on Classical Conditioning.
1911 Edward Thorndike published first
article on animal intelligence leading to the theory of Operant Conditioning.
1912 William Stern developed the original
formula for the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
1912 Max Wertheimer Introduced Gestalt Psychology and he published research
on the perception of movement,
1913 John E. Watson Introduced Behaviorism
and he published ‘Psychology as a
Behaviorist
1913 Carl Jung developed his own theories,
which became known as Analytical Psychology.
1915 Calcutta University established the
first Dept. of Psychology under leadership of Dr. N.N. Sengupta
1915 Calcutta University became the first
centre of Psychological Research and Teaching in India
1916 Stanford-Binet intelligence test was
published in the United States.
1917 Robert Yerkes (President of APA at
the time) developed the Army Alpha and Beta Tests to measure intelligence
1921 Psychological Corporation launched
the first psychological test development company.
1921 Sigmund Freud published Group
Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego.
1922 Sigmund Freud introduced
Psychoanalysis School of Psychology.
1923 Sigmund Freud published The Ego and
the Id.
1932 Walter B. Cannon coined the term
homeostasis
1935 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was
published by Henry Murray.
1938 Electroshock therapy was first used
on a human patient for psychological treatment.
1939 Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Test
was published
1936 Kurt Lewin published Principles of
Topological Psychology
1942 Carl Rogers published ‘Counseling and
Psychotherapy’
1942 Jean Piaget published ‘Psychology of
Intelligence’ discussing his theories of cognitive development.
1942 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI) was developed.
1943 Abraham Maslow published the paper A
Theory of Human Motivation, describing Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
1945 The Journal of Clinical Psychology
was founded.
1946 Kurt Lewin founded action research.
1946 Stanley Smith Stevens published his
levels of measurement (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio).
1947 Kurt Lewin coined the term
"group dynamics".
1950-2000
1950 Erik Erikson published ‘Childhood and Society,’, in which
he introduced his theory on the stages of psycho-social development and the
concept of an identity crisis.
1951 Carl Rogers published his Client-Centered Therapy.
1952 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM) was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), marking the
beginning of modern mental illness classification; it was revised in 1968,
1980/7, 1994, 2000 and 2013.
1953 B.F. Skinner outlined behavioral
therapy, lending support for behavioral psychology via research in the
literature.
1953 Code of Ethics for Psychologists was
developed by the American Psychological Association.
1954 Abraham Maslow helped to found
Humanistic Psychology and later developed his famous Hierarchy of Needs.
1955 J. P. Guilford developed the
Structure of Intellect (SOI) theory,
1963 Alfred Bandura introduced the idea of
Observational Learning on the development of personality.
1967 Aaron Beck published a psychological
model of depression
1968 DSM II was published by the American
Psychiatric Association.
1980 DSM III published by the American
Psychiatric Association.
1983 Howard Gardner (professor at Harvard
University) introduced his theory of multiple intelligence,
1994 DSM IV published by the American
Psychiatric Association.
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