Andragogy and Pedagogy: Concepts, Basic Principles and Theory for NET/SET/TET/CTET/SSC in Education

Andragogy: 

Andragogy vs Pedagogy 

•The term “Andragogy” comes from Greek origin

Andragogy = andras (man) + ago (guide)

Andragogy -an adult-focused teaching approach

Andragogy- is the art and science of helping adults learn.

•Andragogy- was coined in the 1800s by Alexander Knapp, a German educator

•It is popularized in the 1960s by Malcolm Knowles, an American educator whose focus was on adult education.

Principles of Andragogy: 

1.Adults need to be involved in the planning & evaluation of their instructions

2.Experience provides the basis for learning activities

3.Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life

4.Adult learning is a problem centered rather than content oriented

Stages of Andragogy:

Stages of Andragogy

Theory of Andragogy:

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles’s Theory of Andragogy-

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (1913 –1997) was an American adult educator, famous for the theory of andragogy.

Malcolm Knowles's Theory of Andragogy

A) Knowles’ 5 Assumptions Of Adult Learners

Knowles made 4 assumptions about the characteristics of adult learners (andragogy). In 1984, Knowles added the 5th assumption.

•Self-Concept- As a person matures his/her self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being.

•Adult Learner Experience-As a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning.

•Readiness to Learn-As a person matures his/her readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his/her social roles.

•Orientation to Learning- As a person matures his/her time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application. As a result his/her orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem centeredness.

•Motivation to Learn-As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal

B) Knowles’ 4 Principles Of Andragogy

In 1984, Knowles suggested 4 principles that are applied to adult learning:

•Involve- Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.

•Experience- provides the basis for the learning activities.

•Relevance and Impact Learning- Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance and impact to their job or personal life.

•Problem-centered- Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.

Pedagogy:

The terms “Pedagogy” is come from Greek origin

Pedagogy = paidi (child) + ago (guide)

Pedagogy is a child-focused teaching approach

Pedagogy is the art and science of helping kids learn

“A teacher or trainer-centered approach to instruction where the teacher assumes responsibility for making decisions about what will be learned, how it will be learned, when it will be learned, and why it is of value to the learner.” 

- Kyle Freedman

   

Differences between Pedagogy and Andragogy

   Subjects                                Pedagogy                              Andragogy

Climate	Formal authority-oriented	Informal, mutually respectful, collaborative, supportive
Planning	Primarily by teacher	By participative decision-making
Diagnosis of needs	Primarily by teacher	By mutual assessment
Setting goals	Primarily by teacher	By mutual negotiation
Designing a learning plan	Learning design by teacher	Learning projects and content
Learning activities	Transmittal techniques, assigned readings	Inquiry projects, independent study, experimental techniques
Evaluation	Primarily teacher	By mutual assessment of self- collected evidence

	Others differences are mention below......
Concept of the Learner	Dependent personality	Self-directed
Experience	Little value	A rich resource for learning
Readiness to learn	Standardized curriculum	Develops from life tasks & problems
Orientation to learning	Subject-centered	Task or problem centered
Motivation to learn	External rewards and punishments	Internal incentives, curiosity