Designs of Educational Research- Descriptive Experimental and Historical


Descriptive Research Design

•It is designed for the investigator to gather information about present existing conditions.

•It studies investigate phenomena in their natural setting.

•Here the researcher does not manipulate the variables or arrange for events to happen.

•The present events or phenomena are observed & described here.

Types of Descriptive Research

•Survey Studies
–School Survry
–Job Survey
–Public Opinion Survey
–Social Survey
–
•Developmental Studies
–Growth Studies
•Longitudinal
•Cross-Sectional
–Follow-up Studies
–Trends Studies
–
•Inter-Relationship Studies
–Case Study
–Ex-post Facto/ Casual Comparative Studies
–Correlation & Prediction Studies
–Cross-Cultural & Comparative Studies


Historical Research Design

•Historical Research is the Systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe, explain, and thereby understand actions or events that occurred in the past.


•No manipulation or control of variables or Data and primarily focuses in the past.

•Historical research is not based upon experimentation, but upon reports of observation which cannot be repeated. 

Types of Historical Research
•Bibliographic Research
•Legal Research
•Studying the history of ideas
•Studying the history of institutions.

Experimental Research Design
•Experimental research design are concerned with
–Examination of the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable,
–Where the independent variable is manipulated through treatment or intervention &
– The effect of those interventions is observed on the dependant variable.
–Data are collected through random method.

Types of Experimental Research
•True Experimental Design
–Post-test only ,
–Pretest post-test only,
–Solomon 4 groups ,
–Factorial ,
–Randomized block,
–Crossover

•Quasi – Experimental Research Design
–Nonrandomized control group design,
–Time-series design

•Pre – Experimental Research Design 
–One-shot case design ,
–One-group pretest-posttest design

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