Vedanta Philosophy
•Chief Founder - Badarayana
•Others Exponents - Sankara, Ballava, Nimbarka, Ramanuja etc.
•Beginning Time - 1500
BCE
•Focus - The
essence of the Vedas
•Type of School -
Orthodox (Astika)
•Source Book Badarayana’s- Vedanta
Sutra
•Sub schools of
Vedanta- Advaita of Sankara, Visistadvaita of Ramanuja and Dvaita of Madhva and many
more.
•It is also known as Uttara Mimansa
Metaphysics of Vedanta
•Vedata spoke of
One Reality (ekam sat)
which is spoken of in various ways by the sages.
•It spoke
of That One (tad ekam) that
created the world. The Upanishads called it Brahman.
•Brahman is the
Reality of the reality. It is the cause of all created things
•Brahman
is the creator, preserver,
and destroyer of the world.
•All creatures spring out of Brahman. They live in Brahman and are reabsorbed in Brahman.
•Brahman is the cosmic
principle, atman is the psychic
principle. It is the inner self in man
•It implies that creation is self-expression and self communication of God to the creatures.
•Creation is a moral act of willing and
self-sacrifice of Brahman.
Epistemology of
Vedanta
•Vedanta
Philosophy divided knowledge into two parts
–Apara (Temporal
or practical): The knowledge of different phases of
this material world and human life
–Para (spiritual): Ved, Brhmana, Aranayak And
Metaphysics Of Geeta are Para
knowledge.
•To gain
both of these knowledge Shankar has encouraged the method of
–Sharvana
(Listening)
–Manan (Rumination)
–Nidhidyasana
(Contemplation)
Axiology of Vedanta
•Vedanta accepts the distinction made by
the Kathopanishad between happiness (Preyas) and the highest good (Sreyas).
•The highest Good is the realization of the eternal universal self in man. Vidya leads to self-realization.
•Atman can be realized by one
who does practice self-control, desirelessness, and concentration
of mind.
•Karma is not
excluded from moral life.
•Prescribed actions should be
performed without any desire or motive.
•Karma purifies
the mind; however it is only a preliminary step to self-knowledge.
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