Hypothesis -Concept Sources & Types

Hypothesis -Concept Sources Types

Hypothesis

It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the relationship between two or more variables.
It is a tentative explanation of the research problem
Hypotheses are always in declarative sentence form
An hypothesis is a statement or explanation that is suggested by knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved

Sources of hypothesis

Experience of researcher
Review of literature
Findings of the pilot study
Interaction with knowledgeable persons of the concerned field
Knowledge of culture and society
Creative thinking and imagination of researcher

Types of Hypotheses

Directional Hypotheses / One tailed Hypothesis
Non-Directional Hypotheses / Two tailed Hypothesis
Null Hypotheses


Directional Hypotheses / One Tailed Hypothesis

A directional hypothesis is a prediction made by a researcher regarding a positive or negative change, relationship, or difference between two variables /two groups or conditions
directional hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
It is often symbolized as H1


Non-Directional Hypotheses /  Two Tailed Hypothesis

A non-directional simply states that there will be a difference between the two groups/conditions but does not say which will be greater/smaller, quicker/slower etc.
non-directional hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified.

Null Hypotheses

A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables.
null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables being studied (one variable does not affect the other).
It is the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to disprove.
the null hypothesis is a statement of
-‘no effect’ or ‘no difference’
It is often symbolized as H0.

Examples

“ In a clinical trial of a new drug with the current drug ”

We would write Null Hypotheses (H0):
H0   : there is no difference between the two drugs.

We would write Directional Hypotheses (H1):
H1   : the new drug is better than the current drug.

We would write Non-Directional Hypothesis:
the two drugs have different effects, on average.